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Navy Exchange Service Command Business Information, Profile, and History

3280 Virginia Beach Boulevard
Virginia Beach, Virginia 23452-5724
U.S.A.

Company Perspectives:

From enlistment through retirement, throughout their careers and throughout the years, we have been there for our Sailors, and we are here today. With 123 Navy Exchanges, 218 Ships Stores, 112 uniform shops and 42 Navy Lodges, we continue to serve the worldwide Navy Community.

We are where our customers are in Bahrain; in Keflavik, Iceland; in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; and on the high seas. For 50 years, our quality of life mission has included operating in remote locations, providing quality merchandise at a savings and distributing a large percentage of our profits to Morale, Welfare and Recreation funds.

History of Navy Exchange Service Command

The Navy Exchange Service Command (NEXCOM) operates various types of retail outlets for the benefits of Naval personnel, retirees, and their families. Some of its stores' sales volumes are quite high--the Pearl Harbor exchange brings in more than $125 million a year--and the system produces comparable profits to its civilian retail counterparts. However, NEXCOM disburses most of these to Morale, Welfare, and Recreation programs. About a quarter of its exchanges produce little or no profits but are kept open for the benefit of military personnel stationed in remote areas. In January 1998, the system had 116 Navy Exchanges, 207 Ship Stores, 112 Uniform Centers, and 38 Navy Lodges.

Origins

Before onboard stores were established, the only shopping opportunities for sailors on U.S. Navy ships came from bumboats--small local vessels peddling sundry overpriced merchandise. In 1896, the first unofficial canteen was created on the USS Indiana to sell beer. As the ships traveled, paymasters sometimes neglected to pay the canteens' vendors, resulting in something of an image problem for the Navy.

The Naval Appropriations Act of March 3, 1909, authorized the first official, nonprofit ships stores and commissaries. Although subsequent legislation outlawed bumboating, a collection of enterprising tradesmen began offering sailors personal services such as haircuts and shoe repair through something known as the ships service. This soon developed into alternate retail outlets as well. In 1923, ships service stores were sanctioned and made the responsibility of the Bureau of Navigation, later called the Bureau of Naval Personnel. The official ships stores remained under the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts.

Space became scarce as the Navy expanded between the wars. In 1943, a ship store and a ship service store were combined aboard the USS Boston under the direction of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts, a pattern later followed on all ships with supply officers. Service stores on land remained in the hands of individual commanding officers, however.

In 1945, a committee was created to design a centralized system of retail outlets. Captain Wheelock H. Bingham, later president of R.H. Macy & Co., headed the group, which recommended bringing the land-based retail activities under the control of the Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. The Navy Ship's Store Office (NSSO), precursor of the Navy Exchange System, was created on April 1, 1946 to manage these stores.

NSSO's first headquarters was located at 116 E. 16th Street in New York City but it soon moved to Brooklyn. Its staff numbered about 90; the first officer in charge was Captain T.L. Becknell, Jr. NSSO's mission comprised two parts: providing quality goods and services at low cost and supporting welfare and recreation funds with its profits. In 1949, NSSO received authority to manage ship stores afloat. The same year, the Philbin Committee made several important recommendations: ships service stores were to be renamed Navy Exchanges and limits were placed on pricing and merchandise selection. For example, the exchanges were to carry two brands of chewing gum and cigarettes. Forbidden were furs, vacuum cleaners, and power tools, among other things.

Innovations in the 1950s

In 1950, NSSO assumed control of the exchanges of the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), whose vessels carried military personnel, their families, and immigrants. MSTS had 60 exchanges on ships and four at major seaports.

A West Coast branch was established in Oakland in August 1952. NSSO created a Commissary Store Division in 1955. Its low-cost supermarkets and the branch stores it managed became immediately popular with military families.

As the number of customers declined with postwar demobilization, a number of innovations sought to make the stores more inviting and convenient. Self service was added; previously, clerks had assembled orders. NSSO's mobile canteens delivered temporary food service to recreational events. NSSO even set up a store in Antarctica to supply Admiral Byrd's Antarctic expedition.

By its tenth anniversary in 1956, NSSO had had more than $2 billion in total revenues, $126 million of which was given to welfare and recreation programs. Beginning in 1958, the types of stores operated were reduced to two. All stores selling groceries became commissaries; those without, exchanges. The next year, NSSO acquired one of the first Remington Rand UNIVAC computers for handling its considerable accounting functions.

Automation During the 1960s

On the first day of 1960, NSSO took over the Naval Uniform Shop, a centralized, made-to-measure operation. It began stocking Navy Exchanges with officers' and chiefs' uniforms. Enlisted men's clubs came under NSSO control in 1961. NSSO also sponsored movie theaters and an overseas entertainment circuit. It started its Navy Guest House Program, aimed at remedying a shortage of temporary housing, in 1964. Edward E. Carlson, who would lead both Westin Hotels and United Airlines, was a distinguished advisor to the Navy Lodge program.

After reducing the number of nonfood items carried and expanding their assortment of kosher foods, larger commissaries installed Robot XI computers to automate inventory management in 1967. Meanwhile, management of Navy Exchanges was streamlined and refined. Payroll began to be processed centrally. An award-winning training film was coproduced with the Eastman Kodak Co. in 1967.

A Navy Exchange Service Center patterned after commercial retailers' supply depots opened in 1969 in San Diego. That year, the Yokosuka exchange began distributing a mail-order catalog to personnel in Vietnam. NSSO soon sold all its exchanges there to the Army Air Force Exchange Service. In 1969, the Bureau of Naval Personnel launched the Navy Lodge Program, which would double NSSO's temporary lodging capacity. After a period of new construction on facilities in Virginia, Guam, and California, the Guantanamo Bay Navy Exchange burned to the ground in 1969. Facilities in Brooklyn, New York, and Glenview, Illinois, were also lost to fire.

NSSO's annual revenues exceeded $1 billion at the time, making the organization one of the top 25 retailers in the United States. Navy Exchanges accounted for $706 million of revenues. One declining area of sales was the operation of MSTS Exchanges, as more service families chose airliners over military surface vessels. MSTS was renamed the Military Sealift Command in 1970. NSSO ended the decade with its own new name: Navy Resale System Office (NRSO).

Further Developments: 1970s

Navy Exchange gas stations had to cope with worldwide fuel shortages in the early 1970s, though they were limited in the savings they could offer patrons by the Federal Energy Administration. The system's hair salons evolved beyond the traditional barber shop and commissaries began selling health and beauty products for the first time. NRSO introduced fast food through delis, pizza parlors, and ice cream shops. Dependent support ships brought retailing to fleets separated from permanent exchanges.

As consolidated procurement exercised NRSO's buying power, retail outlets experimented with the popular shop-within-a-shop department store concept. The Standard Automated Accounting and Merchandising System (SAAMS), unveiled in 1975, and electronic cash register systems provided a new level of efficiency overall.

Systemwide employment reached 31,000 in the 1970s. Legislation brought wages and working conditions for many Navy Exchange personnel more in line with those in the private sector. This and cost of living increases significantly raised payroll expenses. Inflation raised wholesale prices; however, both exchanges and commissaries maintained a policy of not marking up items already on the sales floor.

Authority for enlisted clubs was transferred to the agency responsible for messes in 1977. Entertainment offered at the clubs had become increasingly sophisticated before the transition. Food represented a more significant component of club sales. By 1977, the Navy Exchanges had assumed control of all retail uniform stores from the Naval Uniform Shop, which retained its mail-order operation. Uniforms themselves had undergone a few changes. A new, short-lived enlisted uniform appeared in 1972, and maternity uniforms arrived in 1978. Video games were instantly popular when first installed on ships in 1979. NRSO was again renamed in 1979, becoming the Navy Resale and Services Support Office (NAVRESSO).

Private Labels and Joint Agreements: 1980s

Due to rising property costs as well as crime rates, NAVRESSO moved its headquarters from Brooklyn to Staten Island in 1981. NAVRESSO's scope of operations continued to expand during the decade. It assumed responsibility for school lunch programs of dependent children overseas in 1980.

The Navy Resale System and AAFES merged their mail-order catalogs in 1981. The next year, NAVRESSO introduced its own private label program. The Navy Exchange brand offered commonly used items at a discount. The Harbor View line of men's and women's clothing was introduced in the mid-1980s. Other products followed, including health and beauty products and Harborware cookware.

In 1984, McDonald's signed an agreement with NAVRESSO to open 75 restaurants at Navy bases around the world. In return for the concession, the restaurants' independent owners agreed to pay royalties to the Navy Exchange program. Vie de France Corp., a bakery chain, entered into a similar agreement in 1986. The Navy Lodge program was expanded in the mid-1980s, gaining a central toll-free reservation center.

Legislation in 1987 transferred more of the responsibility for the Navy's Morale, Welfare and Recreation Fund from Congress to NAVRESSO, which simultaneously received authority to manage liquor stores and various coin-operated concessions such as pay phones. Naval reservists were granted limited shopping privileges that year. NAVRESSO also instituted a policy of garnishing wages for bad checks.

The 1990s, Preparing for the Future

Commissaries boasted three times the sales per square foot of civilian supermarkets. More civilian managers were being hired as Navy expansion plans drew their personnel. However, management of all military commissaries was turned over to the new Defense Commissary Agency in 1991. Several large Navy Exchanges were also lost due to base closings, and several facilities in the Pacific were damaged by storms.

NAVRESSO was renamed the Navy Exchange Service Command (NEXCOM) in June 1991. With mounting competitive pressures from private sector retailers and outdated equipment, NEXCOM had begun the process of consolidating its supply offices and cutting personnel. It relocated from New York to Virginia Beach in 1993 to help save costs. The Ship's Stores Program moved to Norfolk, Virginia, in 1993.

Next, NEXCOM focused on updating and streamlining its data processing. Buying, distribution, and other functions were more centralized as well. NEXCOM consolidated six warehouses into a new distribution center in Chino, California. Business process reengineering accompanied these improvements. Updating these systems required a $64 million investment.

The first NEX Video stores, a cooperative enterprise with AAFES, appeared in 1992. A bulk-packaged warehouse concept similar to Sam's Club--NEX Club--was tried for a couple of years in Alameda, California. NEXCOM was more successful with its fast-food brands. Within a couple of years, the Mr. Roberts in-house hot dog franchise went from a couple of weenie carts in Puerto Rico to a foodservice unit with annual sales of more than $1.5 million. The Pizza Galley, another in-house franchise, also exceeded $1 million in sales that year. The use of food vending machines was stepped up in 1993 with the introduction of AAROs, or automated auxiliary retail outlets.

Subway, Dunkin' Donuts, and Taco Bell were among the well-known restaurant franchises setting up shop on base. McDonald's renewed its contract in 1994. One manager reported that the name brands doubled foodservice sales at retail stores. An Applebee's restaurant opened at Naval Station Norfolk in March 1998.

Although the Navy's active duty population shrank by 15 percent between 1992 and 1994, exchange sales fell less than three percent. Private label brands proliferated, including Sea Soda, Andrea's Closet and New Crew apparel for young men and women, Bristol House men's clothing, and Elysian Fields lingerie. In 1994, Congress gave the system control of federally owned Stars and Stripes bookstores overseas. Sailors at sea eagerly welcomed the telephones, ATMs, and American Greeting Card machines that were installed in Ship's Stores in the mid-1990s. These stores accounted for $70 million of NEXCOM's total sales.

NEXCOM continued to add new types of ventures. The first Navy Exchange optometry clinic opened in Norfolk in 1995. AT & T signed a comprehensive, worldwide contract in December 1995, covering all types of telecommunications services. The ten-year license provided for pay phones, phones in dorms and Navy Lodges, and calling cards. Discover Card parent company Novus issued the NEXCOM-sanctioned Bravo and Private Issue credit cards in 1995.

In the late 1990s, NEXCOM unveiled the Basic Concepts private label line, which attempted to meet customers' needs for low-cost apparel. Navy Exchanges also retailed their own line of children's school uniforms. Apparel and accessories accounted for more than 20 percent of NEXCOM's revenues.

NEXCOM operated 123 Navy Exchanges, 218 ships stores, 112 uniform shops, and 42 Navy Lodges at the time of its 50th anniversary in 1996. It had disbursed nearly $2 billion to Morale Welfare and Recreation funds. This also marked the 100th year since the founding of the first canteen on the USS Indiana. Total NEXCOM revenues were $1.79 billion in 1997. Navy Exchange contributed $1.66 billion. Navy Lodges had billings of $39.8 million while Ship's Stores and onboard vending sales brought in $16.9 million.

Principal Divisions: Navy Exchanges; Navy Lodges; Ship's Stores.

Principal Competitors: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.; Kmart Corporation.

Related information about Navy

The branch of the armed forces whose main function is the projection of military power at and by sea. The role of naval forces is manifold, primarily the protection of lines of communication for the safe transport of troops and supplies (and its converse, denying the enemy the freedom of the seas). Navies have been important since early times. The Greek naval victory over the Persians in 480 BC was crucial to world history. The Chinese navy had armed warships by the 10th-c, and totalled 50 000 men. In the two World Wars, naval power was critical, with the added dimensions of submarine, amphibious, and carrier warfare. Since the 1960s, with the advent of the ballistic missile-firing submarine, navies have had the additional responsibility of nuclear deterrence.

:For other uses, see Navy (disambiguation) or Naval (disambiguation).

A navy is the branch of a country's military forces principally designated for naval warfare and amphibious warfare (marines) namely lake or ocean borne combat operations and related functions. It includes operations conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields; Prior to the introduction of the cannon and ships with sufficient capacity to carry the large guns, naval warfare primarily involved ramming and boarding actions. In the time of Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, naval warfare centred around long, narrow vessels powered by banks of oarsmen (such as triremes and quinqueremes) designed to ram and sink enemy vessels or come alongside the enemy vessel so its occupants could be attacked hand-to-hand. Warships were designed to carry increasing numbers of cannon and naval tactics evolved to bring a ship's firepower to bear in a broadside, with ships-of-the-line arranged in a line of battle.

The development of large capacity, sail powered ships carrying cannon led to a rapid expansion of European navies, especially the Spanish and Portuguese navies which dominated in the Sixteenth and early Seventeenth Centuries, and ultimately helped propel the age of exploration and colonialism. The repulsion of the Spanish Armada (1588) by the Anglo-Dutch fleets revolutionised naval warfare by the success of a guns only strategy and caused a major overhaul of the Spanish navy, partly along English lines, which resulted in even greater dominance by the Spanish. From the beginning of the 17th century the Dutch began cannibalise the Portuguese Empire in the East and, with the immense wealth gained, began to challenge Spanish hegemony at sea. From the 1620s, Dutch raiders began to seriously trouble Spanish shipping and, after a number of battles which went both ways, the Dutch Navy finally broke the long dominance of the Spanish Navy in the Battle of the Downs (1639).

England emerged as a major naval power in the mid-Seventeenth Century in the first Anglo-Dutch war with a technical victory but successive decisive Dutch victories in the second and third Anglo-Dutch wars confirmed the Dutch mastery of the seas during the Dutch Golden Age, financed by the expansion of the Dutch Empire. The French Navy did win some important victories near the end of the 17th century but a focus upon land forces led to the French Navy's relative neglect which allowed the Royal Navy to emerge with an ever growing advantage in size and quality, especially in tactics and experience, from 1695. Throughout the Eighteenth Century the Royal Navy gradually gained ascendancy over the French Navy, with victories in the War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714), inconclusive battles in the War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748), victories in the Seven Years' War (1754-1763), a partial reversal during the American War of Independence (1775-1783), and consolidation into uncontested supremacy during the Nineteenth Century from the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. These conflicts saw the development and refinement of tactics which came to be called the line of battle.

The next stage in the evolution of naval warfare was the introduction of metal plating along the hull sides. The first armoured vessels, the French FS Gloire and British HMS Warrior, made wooden vessels obsolete. The battle between the CSS Virginia and the USS Monitor during the American civil war is often cited as the beginning of this age of maritime conflict. A further step change in naval firepower occurred when the United Kingdom launched HMS Dreadnought, but naval tactics still emphasised the line of battle.

The first practical military submarines were developed in the late 19th century and by the end of WWI, they had proven to be a powerful arm of naval warfare. During WWII the German Navy's submarine fleet of U-boats almost starved the United Kingdom into submission and inflicted tremendous losses on US coastal shipping. The German battleship Tirpitz, a sister ship of the Bismarck, was almost put out of action by miniature submarines known as X-Craft. First at Taranto in 1940 and then in Pearl Harbor in 1941, the aircraft demonstrated its ability to strike decisively at enemy ships out of sight and range of surface vessels. The Battle of Leyte Gulf, in 1944, was arguably the largest naval battle in history; By the end of World War II, the carrier had become the dominant force of naval warfare.

By the late 20th Century, naval power had become a major element in the military and strategic power of a country's power projection capabilities, though some would suggest its importance has declined in the wake of the development of military aviation and air power. a naval fleet can travel hundreds of nautical miles in a day. The main consideration is for Carrier Battle Groups (CVBGs).

Since the end of the Cold War, and with the disappearance of the Cold War scenario, there has been a return of focus to ships being able to operate in more coastal environments, in support of operations such as amphibious landings, embargo enforcement, peacekeeping and coastal patrol. Traditionally, this has been the main focus of some of the smaller European navies, especially the scandinavian navies, such as the Norwegian Navy and the Swedish Navy. The US Navy has indicated it may procure as many as 60 such vessels.www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/lcs.htm

In recent times modern navies are increasingly investing in stealth ships. However, a few nations that lacked a navy but were faced with an enemy that was a strong naval power, such as Rome during the Punic Wars, built a powerful navy from scratch.

States and Empires famed for having powerful navies include:

Ancient Greece Greek Navy
Carthage
Roman Empire Roman Navy
Imperial China Chinese Navy
Spanish Empire Spanish Navy
Portuguese Empire Portuguese Navy
Dutch Empire Dutch Navy
Italian Empire Marina Militare Regia Marina
French Colonial Empire French Navy
German Empire Kaiserliche Marine
British Empire Royal Navy
United States of America United States Navy
Empire of Japan Imperial Japanese Navy
Soviet Union Soviet Navy

Operations

Historically a national navy operates from one or more bases that are maintained by the country or an ally. The base is a port that is specialized in naval operations, and often includes housing for off-shore crew, an arsenal depot for munitions, docks for the vessels, and various repair facilities. Nations with historically strong naval forces have found it advantageous to obtain basing rights in areas of strategic interest.

Navy ships normally operate with a group, which may be a small squadron of comparable ships, or a larger naval fleet of various specialized ships. Blue water fleets may require specialized vessels, such as mine sweepers, when operating in the littoral regions along the coast.

An important tradition on board British naval vessels (and later those of the U.S. and other nations) has been the ship's bell. It is also used in a ceremonial way, i.e., to "pipe" someone aboard the ship - usually captains, including the ship's captain, and more senior officers.

In the United States, in a tradition that dates back to the Revolutionary War, the First Navy Jack is a flag that has the words, "Don't Tread on Me" on the flag.

By European tradition, ships have been referred to as a "she". In spite of these views, some women did serve on board naval vessels, usually as wives of crewmembers.

Even today, despite their acceptance in many areas of naval service, women are still not permitted to serve on board U.S. submarines. www.nato.int/docu/review/2001/0102-09.htm

By ancient tradition, corpses on board naval vessels were buried at sea. Later ceremonies employed the casket or crematory urn.

The custom of firing cannon salutes originated in the British Royal Navy. Often, other ships which were not built specifically for warfare, such as the galleon or the armed merchant ships in World War II, did carry armaments. In more recent times, navy ships have become more specialized and have included supply ships, troop transports, repair ships, oil tankers and other logistics support ships as well as combat ships. The categories are: Aircraft Carriers, Battleships, Cruisers, Destroyers, Frigates, Submarines, and Amphibious assault ships. There are also support and auxiliary ships, including the minesweeper, patrol boat, and tender. During the age of sail, the ship categories were divided into the ship of the line, frigate, and sloop-of-war. For a list of the prefixes used with ship names (HMS, USS, &c.) see ship prefix

Today ships are significantly faster than in former times, thanks to much improved propulsion systems. Ships may be combined into squadrons or flotillas, which may be formed into fleets.

Naval ranks

A navy will typically have two sets of ranks, one for enlisted personnel and one for officers.

Typical enlisted U.S. Navy ranks include the following, in ascending order:

Seaman Recruit
Seaman Apprentice
Seaman
Petty Officer Third Class
Petty Officer Second Class
Petty Officer First Class
Chief Petty Officer
Senior Chief Petty Officer
Master Chief Petty Officer (Petty Officers (PO) and Chief Petty Officers (CPO) are equivalent to Non-Commissioned Officers, or NCOs, in other services)

Within the U.S. Navy, sailors are more commonly referred to by their "rating," which indicates both their rank and job specialty (for example, "BT3 Jones" for "Boiler Technician 3rd Class Jones").

Warrant Officers, (WO) including Chief Warrant Officers (CWO), are senior to enlisted sailors and junior to commissioned Officers. They have not yet received their commission.

Typical ranks for commissioned officers include the following, in ascending order (U.S. ranks are listed first on each line):

Ensign / Corvette Lieutenant
Lieutenant Junior Grade / Sub Lieutenant / Frigate Lieutenant
Lieutenant / Warship Lieutenant / Lieutenant Captain
Lieutenant Commander / Corvette Captain
Commander / Frigate Captain
Captain / Warship Captain
Rear Admiral (lower half) / Commodore / Flotilla Admiral
Rear Admiral (upper half) / Rear Admiral
Vice Admiral
Admiral
Fleet Admiral or Admiral of the Fleet or Grand Admiral

"Flag officers" include any rank that includes the word "admiral" (or commodore), and are generally in command of a battle group or similar flotilla of ships, rather than a single ship or aspect of a ship. For example,
during World War II, a Navy captain was assigned duty as a convoy commodore, which meant that he was still a captain, but in charge of all the merchant vessels in the convoy.

For the Canadian Navy the ranks are as follows (in acending order):

Non-Commissioned Members:

Ordinary Seaman (OS)
Able Seaman (AB)
Leading Seaman (LS)
Master Seaman (MS)

Non-Commissioned Officers:

Petty Officer 2nd Class (PO2)
Petty Officer 1st Class (PO1)
Chief Petty Officer 2nd Class (CPO2)
Chief Petty Officer 1st Class (CPO1)

Officers:

Naval Cadet
Acting Sub-Lieutenant
Sub-Lieutenant
Lieutenant
Lieutenant Commander
Commander
Captain

Flag Officers:

Commodore
Rear Admiral
Vice Admiral
Admiral

For the Royal Navy the ranks are as follows (in acending order):

Ratings:

Able Rate
Leading Rate

Senior Ratings and Warrant Officers

Petty Officer
Chief Petty Officer
Warrant Officer 2
Warrant Officer

Officers:

Midshipman
Sub-Lieutenant
Lieutenant
Lieutenant-Commander
Commander
Captain

Flag Officers:

Commodore
Rear-Admiral
Vice-Admiral
Admiral
Admiral of the Fleet - only used in times of war. The position is currently vacant.

Marine troops

During the era of the Roman empire, the naval forces included legionaries for boarding actions. However the U.S. Navy SEALs and the British Royal Marines now serve a similar function, being a ship-based force specially trained in commando-style operations and tactics.

Additional reading

Non-fiction:
- Braudel, Fernand, The Mediterranean in the Ancient World
- Corbett, Sir Julian, Some Principles of Maritime Strategy, 1911.
- Mahan, Alfred Thayer, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783, 1918, Little Brown, Boston.
- Starr, Chester G., The Influence of Sea Power on Ancient History, 1989, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-505666-3 .
- Hughes, Jr., Wayne P., Fleet Tactics and Coastal Combat, 1999, Naval Institute Press, ISBN 1-55750-392-3
- Trafalgar 200 Through the Lens, ISBN 0955300401

Fiction:
- Tom Clancy, The Hunt for Red October
- Hornblower series by C. Forester
- Aubrey?Maturin series by Patrick O'Brian
- Richard Bolitho series by Alexander Kent (Pseudonym of Douglas Reeman)

Chronology

Key Dates:
1896: First canteen is established on the USS Indiana.
1909: Naval Appropriations Act authorizes first official ships stores and commissaries.
1946: Navy Ship's Store Office is created.
1952: NSSO forms West Coast branch.
1960: NSSO takes over Naval Uniform shop.
1984: McDonald's signs agreement to build franchise restaurants at Navy bases around the world.
1991: Commissaries are transferred from NEXCOM to new Defense Commissary Agency.
1993: NEXCOM relocates to Virginia Beach.

Additional topics

Company HistoryGeneral Merchandise Stores

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