5 Greenway Plaza
P.O. Box 2504
Houston, Texas 77252-2504
U.S.A.
History of Pogo Producing Company
Pogo Producing Company is engaged in the exploration, development, and production of natural gas both domestically and at selected onshore sites in Canada and Hungary and offshore sites in the Gulf of Thailand and in the United Kingdom and Danish sectors of the North Sea. Its major regions in the United States are Louisiana and Texas, both onshore and offshore, and onshore in New Mexico. By century's end, Pogo's proven hydrocarbon reserves stood at the highest point in the company's history. In toto, it had proven reserves of almost 80 million barrels of oil, condensate, and natural gas liquids and 374.7 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Altogether, Pogo had an interest in 900 oil wells and 250 natural gas wells. Additionally, it had an interest in 102 federal and state lease blocks in the Gulf of Mexico, making up nearly 30 percent of its proven reserves of oil and natural gas. Domestically, the company owns about 226,000 gross leasehold acres in major oil and gas producing areas onshore, approximately 734,000 gross acres in the Gulf of Thailand, 778,000 gross acres in Hungary, 114,000 gross acres in Canada, and 194,000 gross acres in the combined U.K. and Danish sectors of the North Sea. The company also has an investment in offshore production pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico and about a one-fifth interest in a gas processing plant.
1970s Origins Through the 1980s Oil Boom
Pogo Producing was established in 1970 as part of the Pennzoil Company, then under the control of William C. Liedtke, Jr., and John Hugh Liedtke. In the 1950s, the Liedtke brothers, in a partnership with George Bush and John Overbey, founded the Zapata Drilling Co. in Midland, Texas, and in 1963 they gained control of Pennzoil. The pair were the co-founders of Pennzoil Products Co. and Pogo Producing. 'Pogo,' an acronym for 'Pennzoil Offshore Gas Operators,' indicates the earliest focus of the company. At the time that Pennzoil spun off Pogo Producing in 1977, William Liedtke became CEO and president of Pogo. He had served as president of Pennzoil from 1967 until the restructuring turned Pogo into a separate entity.
From the start, Pogo Producing bid competitively with other companies in government sale of leases in federal waters in the Gulf of Mexico off the Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi coasts. It was through obtaining these leases that Pogo created its reserves of natural gas, condensate, and oil, its 'bank' from which to draw as demand required. According to Paul Van Wagenen, who later replaced Liedtke as Pogo's CEO and president, 'Back in the `70s, people like Bill Liedtke were big, big bidders for oil and natural gas reserves. They pursued them with vigor. They had enough foresight to not only bid judiciously and aggressively, but they also had a knack for getting the contracts for drilling quicker than the competition.'
Thus Pogo fared well during the oil boom of the 1970s and early 1980s, and at one point, 1983, had to fight off a takeover attempt by Northwest Industries, which in 1981 had acquired a 20 percent interest in Pogo. The takeover attempt turned into a heated court battle when Northwest and Pogo squared off over the total value of Pogo's proven reserves, which, Pogo's accountants asserted, Northwest had deliberately undervalued in order to improve its earnings. Matters soon turned moot, however; the motivation drained from both sides when the oil recession hit and Pogo no longer held the boom-time promise.
1984-91: Emerging from Heavy Debts
In fact, when the petroleum industry faced the big market surplus of the mid-1980s, Pogo quickly became burdened with heavy debts. The market price of gas plummeted, eliminating profits and dimming prospects for growth. The glut and cheap prices left the company struggling for profitability. Between 1987 and 1989, a very volatile period in the industry, its revenues dropped from $140.85 million to $121.12 million, although in 1988 sales rose temporarily to $156.43 million. In the same period, its net income fell from $16.43 million to a loss of $5.59 million, and its total assets dropped from $565.51 million to just under $420.9 million.
Over these years and into the early 1990s, Liedtke and his associates took some draconian measures to reverse the company's downward slide. In the five-year stretch between 1986 and 1991, Pogo reduced its debt from a crushing $515 million to a much more tenable $217 million. It also trimmed its work force from 245 to 101, a belt-tightening necessity common enough in the petroleum industry. The reduced debt load permitted the company to increase its shareholders' stock value. By 1990, the approximate market value of the company's outstanding shares had reached $159.65 million. Its revenues had climbed to $132.4 million, producing a net income of $18.2 million.
Even while struggling to recover, Pogo had gone about the necessary business of replacing its exhausted reserves. In 1989, with recovery not yet on the corporate horizon, it entered into a limited partnership arrangement with Pogo Gulf Coast, Ltd. As a general partner with Pogo Gulf Coast, Pogo Producing was responsible for investing up to $60 million for exploration in both federal and state waters in the Gulf of Mexico. The company would own a 40 percent interest in all properties leased by the limited partnership. All together, by April 1990, Pogo Gulf Coast had acquired 11 federal leases and purchased an interest in two others. As a result, Pogo Producing entered the spring of 1990 owning outright or holding an interest in 104 leases in federal jurisdictions off Gulf state coasts.
Signs that Pogo's fortunes were further on the upswing came in 1991, the year that William Liedtke died. Despite a drop in revenues to $124.4 million, the company had made enough progress in its turn-around efforts to ensure its ability to replace its used reserves. By the summer of that year, its reserves had reached about 19 million barrels of oil and condensate and 218 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Further, with its greatly reduced debt load, the company intensified its competitive bidding for gas and oil reserves, its principal means of replacing those either depleted or abandoned as insufficiently productive.
1992-2000: New Challenges and Robust Growth
When Liedtke died, he was succeeded as CEO by Paul G. Van Wagenen, who, like his older mentor, had come to the company with a legal background. He had joined Pogo in 1979 as its first in-house legal counsel. He was appointed vice-president and general counsel in 1982 and senior vice-president in 1986. As general counsel, he had played a very vital role in protecting Pogo's interests in the industry-wide 'take-or-pay' disputes in which many gas buyers were forced to honor long-term purchase contracts with gas producers. In 1990, Liedtke, fighting a losing battle with cancer, had named Van Wagenen chief operating officer and president, in effect passing operational control of Pogo to the younger man before succumbing.
During the remainder of the 1990s, Pogo compiled an enviable record in replacing its oil, gas, and carbon condensate reserves, its key to achieving higher production levels and growth. Between 1992 and 1999, it replaced an annual average of 185 percent of what it produced and sold. Despite this excellent record of replacing its depleted reserves, Pogo had a couple of lean years, particularly in 1995, when its revenues dropped to $157.6 million and its net income to $9.2 million. On paper, 1998 looked much worse. On revenues of $202.80 million, the company had a net loss of almost $43.1 million, or about $1.14 per share. However, most of the loss resulted from Pogo's debt assumptions in its merger with Arch Petroleum Inc. of Fort Worth, a major acquisition.
Arch, incorporated in 1980 as Sparkman Producing Co., had originally been a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sparkman Energy, but changed its name to Arch Petroleum, Inc. in 1985, two years after it had been spun off by Sparkman. Its core interests were in gas transmission and marketing as well as exploration and development. It started growing very quickly in the early 1990s. From producing revenues of just $7.2 million in 1992, Arch saw its sales surge to $68 million in 1995, an increase of 950 percent. Much credit for the surge went to its transmission system and its excellent marketing capabilities. In 1996, predictions were that by 2000 it would triple its annual revenues, principally through acquisitions and improved output resulting from enhanced technology. Despite its success, Arch went largely unrecognized by Wall Street, and its stock remained undervalued, making it a good merger target. Pogo took the bait, picking up Arch for a fixed exchange of one share of Pogo common stock for each 10.4 shares of Arch common stock and one share of Pogo common stock for each 1.04 shares of Arch preferred stock, a deal valued at about $115 million. Included in Pogo's acquisition was its assumption of Arch's debt service of about $48.5 million and some production payment obligations. Under the terms of the agreement, Arch Petroleum became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pogo operating under that company's name, not as a separate entity.
In any case, in 1999, Pogo again turned things around. From revenues of approximately $275.1 million, it earned a net income of $22.1 million. It was also leaner and tougher, in part because by the closing years of the century, the need for greater efficiency in time and cost had encouraged oil and gas exploration and production companies to outsource construction management services to independent construction management teams (CMTs). Pogo followed suit. In the Gulf of Thailand, Pogo contracted Paragon Engineering Services Inc. to complete two of its Gulf of Thailand pre-production projects, giving Paragon considerable authority in the process. It was Paragon's responsibility to create cohesive, accountable, and effective CMTs from diverse groups of project members. From conceptual design to production start-up, the CMTs directed the first phases of the work. Such outsourcing has allowed and should continue to allow Pogo to maintain its primary focus on its special strengths: reservoir and geophysical interpretation, drilling, and production. It has also abrogated Pogo's need to maintain, at considerable cost, a sizable staff of engineers.
Towards the end of 2000, Pogo Producing acquired Noric Corporation in a $630 million, evenly split stock and cash deal. The New York-based Noric was the privately owned parent company of North Central Oil Corporation, a Houston-based oil and gas exploration company much like Pogo. Pogo also assumed Noric's $120 million debt. Part of Noric's attraction for Pogo was its record of successful reserve replacement, unbroken for 17 years.
With the Noric acquisition, Pogo Producing increased its oil and gas reserves by about 63 percent, notably its onshore natural gas holdings in the United States. Given the sharp rise in the price of natural gas that started in that year, it was a timely acquisition, a fact stressed by Pogo's chairman, Paul Van Wagenen, who noted that the investment provided 'the right commodity--natural gas--at the right price in the right place.' It increased Pogo's natural gas reserves from 847.4 billion cubic feet to 1.38 trillion cubic feet, accounting for 61 percent of the company's total reserves. By combining the operations of the two companies, Pogo expected to cut the costs of both by about 40 percent, but the downside would be an unspecified number of layoffs. The merger increased Pogo's equity value to about $1.3 billion.
As a result of the merger, Pogo claimed a 2001 capital spending budget of around $350 million and a cash flow of $405 million. Between them, the two merging companies had generated a combined $132.5 million discretionary cash flow in 1999. Pogo, which for years had advanced primarily through its international operations, gained a new momentum in the domestic market thanks to its acquisitions near and at the turn of the century.
Principal Subsidiaries: Arch Petroleum Inc.; Industrial Natural Gas LC; Pogo Offshore Pipeline Co.
Principal Competitors: Anadarko Petroleum Corporation; BP Amoco plc; Conoco Inc.; Exxon Mobil Corporation; Royal Dutch/Shell Group; Texaco Inc; USX-Marathon Group.
Related information about Pogo
otheruses
Pogo was the title of a long-running daily comic strip created by
Walt Kelly, as well
as the name of its principal character. Pogo, set in the
Georgia
section of the Okefenokee Swamp, often engaged in social and political
satire through the
adventures of the strip's funny animals. Kelly received the Reuben Award in 1951 for
the strip.
History
The characters of Pogo and Albert were created by Kelly in
1943, for issue #1 of
Animal Comics, in a story called "Albert Takes The Cake."
Pogo quickly took center stage, assuming the straight man role that
Bumbazine had occupied.
In 1948, Kelly was hired to
draw political
cartoons for the short-lived New York Star newspaper,
and decided to do a daily comic strip featuring the characters he
had created for Animal Comics. Pogo debuted on
October 4 of that
year, and ran continuously until the paper folded on January 28, 1949. On May 16 of the same year, the strip was picked up
for national distribution by Post-Hall Syndicate, and ran
continuously until Kelly's death from diabetes in 1973. Kelly's wife, Selby, and assistant, Don Morgan,
continued the strip to fulfill contractual obligations, before
retiring it in 1975. The
Los Angeles
Times revived the strip under the title Walt Kelly's
Pogo in 1989, written
at first by Larry Doyle and Neil Sternecky, then by Kelly's son, Peter;
Formula
Instead of the usual "gag-a-day" format of most strips, a single
Pogo daily strip typically had three or four puns, double entendres, and
occasional in-jokes (visual as well as verbal) as well as the main
gag or situation of the day.
In addition, each strip would work its way into one or more
concurrently running continuing storylines, successfully melding
both the humor and
soap opera style
strips popular at the time.
These over-arching storylines were best seen when the strips were
eventually collected and edited into book form by publisher
Simon and
Schuster. As time went on, Kelly would produce entire books of
original material, including original illustrations, verse, and
short stories, to be sold alongside the reprint collections.
The inhabitants of Okefenokee often go about in flat-bottomed,
slab-sided pirogues,
usually bearing the name of one of Kelly's friends and family, or
someone whom he wished to honor. Though he prefers to spend his
time fishing or picnicking, his kind nature often
gets him reluctantly entangled in his neighbors' escapades. He is
often the unwitting target of matchmaking by Miz Beaver.
-
Albert
Alligator, enthusiastic and loyal, dimwitted and
irascible, is often the comic foil for Pogo or the fall guy for Owl and Churchy. Churchy may have
once been a pirate, as for the longest time he wore a buccaneer's
hat and was sometimes referred to as "Captain
LaFemme."
-
Porky
Pine: a porcupine, a misanthrope and cynic. Porky also had a doppelg辰nger,
Uncle Baldwin, who wore a trenchcoat to hide his bald
backside.
-
Beauregard Chaulmoogra Frontenac de Montmingle
Bugleboy: a dog and occasional policeman, he sees himself as
a romantic figure,
often narrating his own heroic deeds.
-
Miss Mam'selle Hepzibah: a beautiful French skunk
modelled after Kelly's mistress, who would later become his
second wife, Miss Mam'selle was long courted by Porky and others
but rarely seemed to notice;
-
Deacon Mushrat: the local man of the cloth, the Deacon
speaks in blackletter, and his views are just as modern.
Bridgeport: a bear and
flamboyant circus
operator, named after P.T. His speech balloons resemble classic circus
posters.
-
Tammananny Tiger: a political operator, named in allusion to
Tammany Hall. He
typically appeared in election years to offer strategic advice to
the reluctant candidate, Pogo.
-
Molester Mole (n辿 Mole MacCarony): a nearsighted and
xenophobic
grifter.
-
Seminole
Sam: a fox and
traveling con man, he often attempts to swindle Albert and
others, for example by selling bottles of the miracle fluid
H2O, and
occasionally allies with darker characters such as
Mole.
Satire and politics
Kelly always used Pogo to comment on the human condition,
and from time to time, this drifted into politics. Pogo ran for
President (or was nominated by his friends, although he
never actually campaigned) in 1952, 1956, and
1960. Malarkey Perhaps the
most famous example of the strip's satirical edge came in 1953, when Kelly introduced a
wildcat character named "Simple J. a caricature of Senator Joseph McCarthy. Comic
historians noted that this move showed significant courage on
Kelly's part considering the influence the politician wielded at
that time, and the possibility of potentially scaring away
subscribing newspapers.
When a newspaper from Providence, Rhode Island issued an ultimatum,
threatening to drop the strip if Malarkey's face appeared in the
strip again, Kelly had Malarkey throw a bag over his head saying
"no one from Providence should see me!" Kelly thought the new-look
Malarkey was especially appropriate, because with the bag over his
head like a hood, Malarkey resembled a member of the Ku Klux Klan.
Malarkey appeared in the strip once more, his face covered by his
speech bubbles, standing on a soapbox shouting to general
disinterest.
The Jack Acid Society
In the early 1960's, Kelly took on the then-powerful
ultra-conservative
John Birch
Society with a series of strips dedicated to Mole and Deacon's
efforts to weed out Anti-Americanism (as they saw it) in the Swamp, which
led them to form "The Jack Acid Society." Bridgeport's "wind-up
candidates," including representations of George Romney, Ronald Reagan, Richard Nixon, Hubert Humphrey,
George Wallace,
and Robert F.
Johnson was portrayed as a befuddled long-horned steer.
When the strips from this time were collected in Equal Time For
Pogo, the Publisher wanted to edit out the strips including
Kennedy's doppelganger, but Kelly insisted on keeping them in to
pay honor to the slain candidate.
In the early 1970s, Kelly
used a collection of characters called the Bulldogs to mock the
secrecy and paranoia of the Nixon Administration. Edgar Hoover,
John Mitchell, and
Spiro Agnew.
According to documents obtained from the FBI under the Freedom of
Information Act, Hoover had suspected Kelly of sending some
form of coded messages via the nonsense poetry and Southern accents
he peppered the strip with. He reportedly went as far as having
Government cryptographers attempt to "decipher" the strip.
When the strip was revived in 1989, Doyle and Sternecky attempted to recreate this
tradition with an GOP Elephant that looked like Ronald Reagan, and a
jackelope (a rabbit with antelope horns) resembling George H. Saddam Hussein was
portrayed as a snake, and then Vice-President Dan Quayle was depicted as an
egg, which eventually hatched into a roadrunner-type chick that
even went "Veep!"
The quote, a rephrasing of a message sent in 1813 from US Navy Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry to Army General William Henry
Harrison after The Battle of Lake Erie stating "We have met the enemy,
and they are ours," first appeared in a lengthier form in A Word
To The Fore, the foreword of the book The Pogo Papers. Since the
strips reprinted in Papers included the first appearances of
Mole and Simple J. Malarkey, beginning Kelly's attacks on McCarthyism, Kelly used the
foreword to defend his actions:
- "Specializations and markings of individuals everywhere
abound in such profusion that major idiosyncrasies can be
properly ascribed to the mass. Resolve then, that on this very
ground, with small flags waving and tinny blast on tiny trumpets,
we shall meet the enemy, and not only may he be ours, he may be
us.
- "Forward!"
The finalized version of the quotation appeared in a 1970 anti-pollution poster for
Earth Day, and was
repeated a year later in the strip reprinted here.
In 1998, OGPI
("Okefenokee, Glee, and Perloo, Incorporated," the corporation
formed by the Kelly family to administer all things Pogo) dedicated
a plaque in Waycross,
GA commemorating the quote.
Swamp-speak
The predominant language in Pogo is referred to by many
as "swamp-speak." The dialect and phonetics used are very similar
to those used by Mark
Twain in his novel Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn.
Kelly had a good ear for language, and often created new words to
fit his characters (note some of the Quotes, below), including an
exclamation, "rowrbazzle".
Music
An LP
called Songs Of The Pogo was released in 1956, collecting a number of
Kelly's verses (most of which had previously appeared in Pogo
books) set to music by both Kelly and orchestra leader Norman Monath.
While professional singers provided most of the vocals on the
album, Kelly himself contributed lead vocals on two tracks: Go
Go Pogo (for which he also composed the music), and Lines
Upon A Tranquil Brow. He also contributed a spoken portion for
Man's Best Friend.
Songs Of The Pogo was released on compact disc in 2004 by Reaction Records (Urbana,
IL), including previously unreleased material.
Animation
Three animated
cartoons were created based on Pogo.
The first, Pogo's Special Birthday Special, was produced by
animator Chuck Jones
in honor of the Comic Strip's twentieth anniversary in 1968. The general consensus is that
the special, produced for NBC television, failed to capture the charm of the comic
strip and is generally dismissed by fans.
Walt and Selby Kelly themselves wrote and animated We Have Met
the Enemy, And He Is Us in 1970, largely due to Kelly's dissatisfaction with the
Birthday Special. The short, with its anti-pollution
message, was animated by hand, and some have blamed the strain of
the project on worsening Kelly's health and hastening his death
three years later. The storyboards for the cartoon formed the first
half of the book of the same title.
In 1980, the motion picture I Go
Pogo was released. Directed by Marc Paul Chinoy, this stop motion animation (or
"Claymation") picture
featured the voices of Skip Hinnant as Pogo;
Collections
The 45 books published by Simon & Schuster
-
Pogo (1951)
-
I Go Pogo (1952)
-
Uncle Pogo So-So Stories (1953)
-
The Pogo Papers (1953)
-
The Pogo Stepmother Goose (1954)
-
The Incompleat Pogo (1954)
-
The Pogo Peek-A-Book (1955)
-
Potluck Pogo (1955)
-
The Pogo Sunday Book (1956)
-
The Pogo Party (1956)
-
Songs of the Pogo (1956)
-
Pogo's Sunday Punch (1957)
-
Positively Pogo (1957)
-
The Pogo Sunday Parade (1958)
-
G.O. Fizzickle Pogo (1958)
-
Ten Ever-Lovin' Blue-Eyed Years With Pogo
(1959)
-
The Pogo Sunday Brunch (1959)
-
Pogo Extra Election Special (1960)
-
Beau Pogo (1960)
-
Gone Pogo (1961)
-
Pogo à la Sundae (1961)
-
Instant Pogo (1962)
-
The Jack Acid Society Black Book (1962)
-
The Pogo Puce
Stamp Catalog (1963)
-
Deck Us All With Boston Charlie (1963)
-
The Return of Pogo (1965)
-
The Pogo Poop Book (1966)
-
Prehysterical Pogo (In Pandemonia) (1967)
-
Equal Time for Pogo (1968)
-
Pogo: Prisoner of Love (1969)
-
Impollutable Pogo (1970)
-
Pogo: We Have Met the Enemy and He Is Us
(1972)
-
Pogo Revisited (1974), a compilation of Instant
Pogo, The Jack Acid Society Black Book and The Pogo
Poop Book
-
Pogo Re-Runs (1974), a compilation of Pogo,
The Pogo Party and Pogo Extra Election
Special
-
Pogo Romances Recaptured (1975), a compilation of
Pogo: Prisoner of Love and The Incompleat
Pogo
-
Pogo's Bats and the Belles Free (1976)
-
Pogo's Body Politic (1976)
-
A Pogo Panorama (1977), a compilation of The Pogo
Stepmother Goose, The Pogo Peek-A-Book and Uncle
Pogo So-So Stories
-
Pogo's Double Sundae (1978), a compilation of The
Pogo Sunday Parade and The Pogo Sunday
Brunch
-
Pogo's Will Be That Was (1979), a compilation of
G.O. Fizzickle Pogo and Positively Pogo
-
The Best of Pogo (1982)
-
Pogo Even Better (1984)
-
Outrageously Pogo (1985)
-
Pluperfect Pogo (1987)
-
Phi Beta Pogo (1989)
Books released by other publishers
-
Pogo For President: Selections from I Go Pogo (Crest
Books, 1964)
-
The Pogo Candidature (Sheed, Andrews & McMeel,
1976)
-
Pogofiles for Pogophiles (Spring Hollow Books,
1992)
-
Complete Pogo Comics: Pogo & Albert, volumes 1-4
(Eclipse
Comics, 19xx) [reprints of pre-strip comic book stories,
unfinished)
-
Pogo, volumes 1-11 (Fantagraphics
Books, 1994-2000)
-
Pogopedia (Spring Hollow Books, 2001)
Dell Publishing Company comic books featuring Pogo
-
Animal Comics, issues 17, 23, 24, 25 (1947)
-
Pogo Possum, issues 1-16 (1949-1954)
-
Albert the Alligator and Pogo Possum, Dell Four Color
issues 105 and 148 (1945-1946)
-
Pogo Parade (1953)
Awards
The creator and series have received a great deal of recognition
over the years. Walt Kelly received the National
Cartoonist Society Reuben Award for 1951 for the strip.
Works influenced by Pogo
Walt Kelly's work has influenced a number of prominent comic
artists.
- In the Calvin and Hobbes Tenth Anniversary Book,
cartoonist Bill
Watterson listed Pogo as one of the three greatest
influences on his own acclaimed strip, Calvin and
Hobbes. In fact, Pogo itself referenced Krazy
Kat in many ways during its run, including a series of strips
devoted to examining that immortal symbol of the earlier strip:
the brick.)
-
Pogo has also been cited as an influence by Jeff MacNelly
(Shoe), Garry Trudeau (Doonesbury), Bill Holbrook (Kevin and Kell),
and Mark O'Hare
(Citizen Dog), among others.
- Illustrator Shawn McManus and Alan Moore, most notable for writing the graphic novel
Watchmen, made
the January 1985 issue of Saga of the Swamp
Thing (titled "Pog") a tribute to Pogo with
Kellyesque artwork by McManus.
- Berkeley
Breathed, author of comic strips Bloom County, Outland, The Academia Waltz,
and Opus, once wrote a
strip of Bloom County which satirized the "abuse" of old
characters by advertisers. Smith and Peter Kelly contributed
artwork of the cast of Bone shaking hands with Pogo and
Albert for the 1998 "Pogofest" celebration.
- Terry Moore's
Strangers
in Paradise #39 (third series) features pastiches of several
influences. At one point, the style resembles Kelly's, and Pogo
himself makes a cameo appearance.
- Jim Henson
acknowledged Kelly as a major influence on his sense of humor,
and based some of his early Muppet designs on Kelly drawings. It was referred to
as the Pogo Paradox because of Pogo's famous quote, "We
have met the enemy and he is us."
- In an episode of The Simpsons, Homer Simpson refers to his religious neighbor
Ned Flanders as
"Churchy LaFemme."
- Dennis the Menace and his father were once seen in a
rowboat named S.S.
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