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New Brunswick Scientific Co., Inc. Business Information, Profile, and History

44 Talmadge Road
Edison, New Jersey 08818-4005
U.S.A.

Company Perspectives:

New Brunswick Scientific is committed to the design, development, manufacture and support of the highest quality equipment for life science research and pilot production facilities.

History of New Brunswick Scientific Co., Inc.

New Brunswick Scientific Co., Inc. designs, manufactures, and markets equipment used in the biotechnology industry. It also provides support and contract research services, and offers a used equipment program. In addition to its world headquarters in Edison, New Jersey, the company operates several subsidiaries to sell its products in Western Europe. In addition to the United States and Western Europe, New Brunswick equipment is sold, either directly or through dealers, in Eastern Europe, former republics of the Soviet Union, Canada, South America, Israel, China, Japan, and Australia. Customers include both the private and public sectors. New Brunswick provides only a small amount of equipment to government laboratories, but sales to medical schools, university laboratories, and research institutes are further influenced by the availability of government funding. Private enterprise customers include pharmaceutical, biotechnology, chemical, and agricultural companies. New Brunswick's first product offering, biological shakers, now come in a wide range of sizes, from benchtop models to industrial-size units. Shakers create a precise agitation of flasks containing biological cultures in a liquid media in which nutrients are dissolved, thus allowing the proper growth of microorganisms. New Brunswick offers two lines of shakers. Its "classic" line has been a longtime industry standard, while its INNOVA line offers some of the most sophisticated units on the market. The company also manufactures and sells fermentation equipment and bioreactors, used in the growth of cultures, a business New Brunswick has been involved in since the 1950s. Again, units range in size from one-liter benchtop models to 10,000-liter systems sold under contract. In addition, the company manufactures digital instrumentation to control fermenters and bioreactors. New Brunswick also offers equipment that automatically sterilizes and then maintains nutrients at required temperatures. Another product line, tissue culture apparatus, are used to constantly rotate bottles and test tubes of growing animal and plant cells. Included in this line are carbon dioxide incubators, important in the production of vaccines and other pharmaceuticals, as well as for use in cancer and heart disease research. In addition, the company distributes a line of centrifuges and low temperature freezers. New Brunswick takes great pride in controlling all aspects of manufacturing. Rather than an assembly line process, the company operates on a lot production basis, fabricating parts from raw materials and components to produce most of its subassemblies. Although most manufacturing is done on the company's 17-acre Edison facility, the company also has a manufacturing capability in England for the European market.

Roots Reaching Back to 1946

New Brunswick was founded in the New Jersey town of the same name by brothers Sigmund and David Freedman in 1946. Looking to take advantage of David's training as a toolmaker, they decided to start a machine shop called New Brunswick Tool & Die. Seed money of $6,000 was scraped together from a variety of sources. Sigmund provided $1,000 that he won by gambling on the Florence Nightingale ship when he returned home from the war in Europe. He also had saved up money by sending home his pay during the war. Their mother provided some money, a friend lent $2,000, and they also borrowed on the mortgage of the family house. A friend told the brothers of a tire recapping company that was going out of business, and they were able to procure a lease on the facility.

The first year was especially difficult for the Freedmans, who were only able to attract a few tooling jobs. Unable to pay themselves they relied on their mother for meals. Only after the second year were they in a position to start paying themselves a salary of $10 per week. According to Sigmund it was in 1949 or 1950 that Walter B. Geiger, a microbiology professor from nearby Rutgers University, stopped by the shop to ask if they could repair one of the department's agitators that was malfunctioning. The agitator was used to aerate bacteria contained in a flask that had to be shaken in a rotary motion on a fixed plane. After successfully repairing agitators for the department, the brothers were then asked if they could custom build one of the machines. It would have to be a larger unit capable of agitating a fixed size flask on a fixed plane at a fixed speed. They took on the job and produced a unit that so satisfied the Rutgers' researchers that they quickly ordered another. According to Sigmund, "One thing that impressed me very much was that Rutgers would place the orders, which cost $279.50, and then within a week we received a check. That made an extremely favorable impression upon us because it meant we had cash flow and could run our business."

It became evident that the Freedmans were located in the right place at the right time. Rutgers played an important role in microbiology in the early 1950s, a period highlighted in 1952 when one of its own, Selman Waksman, won a Nobel Prize for the discovery of the first antibiotic, streptomycin. With the labs in high gear, Rutgers was turning out researchers who then took jobs at other universities and institutions around the country. Many contacted New Brunswick Tool & Die in order to purchase the same agitators used in the Rutgers' research laboratories. By now the brothers had made two or three dozen machines for Rutgers, and the prospect of finding even more institutional customers proved so inviting that in the spring of 1951 they leased a booth at a microbiology assembly held in Baltimore to promote their laboratory equipment. Not only were they able to meet microbiologists from around the country, they discovered that their products had no competition from established scientific equipment manufacturers. As a result, they received dozens of orders when they returned home to New Jersey. They registered the title New Brunswick Scientific Co., eased out of the tool and die business, and devoted their efforts to the designing and manufacturing of scientific equipment. In 1953 they produced their first lab-scale fermenters, vats that controlled the growth of microorganisms by varying the amount of nutrients. Although crude by today's standards, they were the best units on the market. In 1958 New Brunswick Scientific Co., Inc. was incorporated in the state of New Jersey.

Competing As a Public Company: 1970s

Although New Brunswick did not retain any of Rutgers' staff as consultants, a mutually beneficial relationship with the school was important to the growth of the company. Lacking scientific expertise in the early years, New Brunswick essentially responded to the needs of the Rutgers researchers, learning what problems required solving and designing machines to meet those needs. The company moved to its present Edison, New Jersey, location where, in addition to office space, it built its own machine shop, sheet metal shop, electronic assembly shop, and laboratories. Because its equipment had to be built to precise specifications for laboratory use, New Brunswick was diligent about controlling every aspect of the manufacturing process. New Brunswick also hired skilled research scientists as well as machinists. To fund this expansion, the company turned to the public market for capital in 1972.

Now an established scientific equipment manufacturer, with dozens of products to offer, New Brunswick appeared well positioned to take advantage of the biotechnology boom of the late 1970s and early 1980s. The origins of biotechnology can be traced to 1953 when Alan Watson and Francis Crick set the stage by revealing the shape of DNA and explaining how genetic information was passed from one generation to the next. Scientists now began to search for ways to manipulate nature at the molecular level through genes, leading to such discoveries as cloning. The biotechnology industry was based on publicly supported research that was then commercially exploited by individual entrepreneurs in small start-up companies. Founded in 1976, Genentech was generally regarded as the company that launched what many considered to be the biotechnology revolution.

In 1982 New Brunswick was a relatively small company, with sales of only $20 million, but because of the prospect of start-up biotechs needing its equipment, the company was now coming to the attention of many investors. It was able to go back to the public market for further capital in 1981 and again in 1983, at which point the Freedmans decided to cash in, reducing their holdings to around 14 percent each. New Brunswick also looked to diversify and become involved in biotechnology, acquiring Biosearch, a California company that made DNA synthesizers. The Freedmans discovered, as did a vast number of investors, that the promised riches of biotechnology were always just out of reach, and that more and more cash would be required before any kind of payoff could be expected. New Brunswick lost $2.1 million on revenues of $35.6 million in 1987, mostly because the Biosearch unit generated only $8.4 million, far short of the $14 million budgeted. In May 1988 the business was sold to Millipore Corp. for $15 million, allowing New Brunswick to return to profitability for the year, as the company earned $136,000 on sales of $37.5 million.

Fending Off a Takeover Bid: 1989

After the enthusiasm of the early 1980s, New Brunswick stock was trading at a low enough level that it became an attractive takeover candidate. Fundamental Management Corp. of Miami began buying up shares in 1989, amounting to more than 7 percent. David Freedman, longtime CEO of New Brunswick, stepped down in favor of Ezra Weisman, who had been with the company since the early 1960s and in the previous five years served as the company's vice-president of sales and vice-president of corporate development. Although Fundamental indicated that it was not interested in a hostile takeover, it did request two seats on the company's board and expressed the need for changes at New Brunswick. Matters grew somewhat testy between the two parties when the New Brunswick board instituted a shareholders' rights plan as a poison-pill takeover defense. Tensions eased by mid-1990 when Weisman instituted some cost-cutting measures, closing some foreign offices and 15 percent of the company's 440-person workforce.

Although New Brunswick was profitable in the early 1990s, sales and earnings were stagnant. In 1991 the company generated $33.1 million in revenues and $393,000 in net income, but by 1993 revenues had only increased to $35.9 million and net income stood at $392,000. The company saw a significant improvement in profits for 1994, $1.1 million on revenues of $38.8 million, and began a new effort to diversify and expand beyond its equipment sales, which, however steady, offered limited potential for growth. Late in 1994 it established a bioprocess equipment division, as well as invested over $1 million to gain a 20 percent stake in Organica, Inc. The company, formed a year earlier, produced naturally friendly grass products used for golf course and playing fields, plus compost accelerators, hydrocarbon remediation products, non-caustic drain openers, and septic system maintenance products. In 1995 New Brunswick then created a drug-discovery subsidiary, DGI BioTechnologies, Inc., to operate out of laboratory space at the Edison facilities.

Similar to its experience with Biosearch in the 1980s, however, New Brunswick's efforts at diversification did not produce quick results and created a significant drag on earnings. Although revenues reached $46.5 million in 1998, the company posted a loss of $156,000, after turning profits of $1 million in 1997 and $882,000 in 1996. In 1999 the company lost an additional $1.15 million, despite the growth of sales to over $54 million. Once again, with the price of its stock depressed, the New Brunswick board adopted a plan to ward off any potential unwanted takeover bids.

In January 2000 Weisman left New Brunswick to pursue other business interests according to the company, but clearly it was a mutually agreed upon severance. David Freedman once again took over as the chief executive and set about refocusing the business. New Brunswick remained weighed down by DGI's poor results, which was a major reason that revenue for New Brunswick fell to $49.9 million. Also contributing to the company's $3.9 million loss in 2000 was the $950,000 write-off of its investment in Organica, which in October of that year filed for chapter 11 reorganization. To rectify the condition of New Brunswick in 2001, Freedman sold a major share of DGI to the Denmark firm of Bank Invest. Because its holdings were now less than 50 percent, New Brunswick would be able to take DGI off its books. In other moves, the company cut jobs and eliminated its customer-engineered bioprocess products, a niche business that represented less than 7 percent of company revenues. Because the company's main line of scientific products remained a solid business, there was every reason to expect that New Brunswick would return to profitability. Whether it would ever transform itself into a company with high growth potential seemed less likely than the possibility that New Brunswick would one day be swallowed by a much larger corporation.

Principal Subsidiaries: New Brunswick Scientific (U.K.) Limited; New Brunswick Scientific B.V. (Netherlands); New Brunswick Scientific N.V. (Belgium); New Brunswick Scientific GmbH (Germany); New Brunswick Scientific S.A.R.L. (France).

Principal Competitors: B. Braun Biotech; LSL-Biolafitte; L.E. Marubishi Co., Ltd.; Applikon, B.V.; LabLine Instruments; Forma Scientific.

Related information about New Brunswick

40º30N 74º27W, pop (2000e) 48 600. Seat of Middlesex Co, C New Jersey, USA; located on the R Raritan, 14 km/9 mi W of Perth Amboy; settled in 1681; gained city status, 1784; the starting point for George Washington's march to Yorktown (1781); birthplace of Leonard Baskin, Michael Douglas, James P Johnson, William H Vanderbilt; Rutgers University (1766); railway; chemicals, pharmaceuticals, motor vehicles, clothing, food processing.

pop (2000e) 810 200; area 73 440 km²/28 355 sq mi. Province in E Canada, boundaries include the USA (W), Gulf of St Lawrence (E), and Bay of Fundy (S); forested, rocky land, generally low-lying, rising in the NW; several rivers and lakes, especially Grand Lake (area 174 km²/67 sq mi); capital, Fredericton; major towns include Saint John and Moncton; paper and wood products, potatoes, seafood, mining (zinc, lead, silver, potash, bismuth), tourism, food processing, dairy products, livestock, poultry; aboriginal population includes Micmac, Abenaki, Malecite; first settled by French fur traders and farmers; ‘Acadia’ ceded to Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht (1713); many United Empire Loyalist immigrants, and separation from Nova Scotia, 1783; joined confederation, 1867; governed by a lieutenant-governor and an elected 58-member Legislative Assembly.

for the city in New Jersey, see New Brunswick, New Jersey.

New Brunswick (French: Nouveau-Brunswick), is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces, and the only officially bilingual province (French and English) in the country.

Geography

New Brunswick, named after the German city of Braunschweig (English: Brunswick), is bounded on the north by Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula and Chaleur Bay and on the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Northumberland Strait. To the south, the narrow Isthmus of Chignecto connects it to peninsular Nova Scotia, most of which is separated from the mainland by the Bay of Fundy. On its west, the province borders the American state of Maine. The boundary with the U.S. was settled during the "Aroostook War" of 1838-39, largely through the efforts of businessman and political activist John Baker. New Brunswick is one of two provinces (the other being Alberta) to border a single U.S. state.

The total land and water area of the province is approximately 70,000 square kilometres. Both Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island are either wholly or nearly surrounded by water and the ocean therefore tends to define their climate, economy and culture. New Brunswick therefore tends to be defined by its rivers rather than its seacoast.

The major river systems in the province include the St. John River, Petitcodiac River, Miramichi River, St. Croix River and the Restigouche River. The St. John River is thought to be the second longest river on the North American eastern seaboard between the St. Lawrence River and the Mississippi River. The northwestern part of the province is comprised of the remote and more rugged Miramichi Highlands, Chaleur Uplands, and the Notre Dame Mountains with a maximum elevation at Mount Carleton of 820 metres.

10 largest municipalities by population

Municipality	2001	1996
Saint John	69 661	72 494
Moncton	61 046	59 313
Fredericton	47 560	46 507
Miramichi	18 508	19 241
Edmundston	17 373	17 876
Riverview	17 010	16 684
Dieppe	14 951	12 497
Quispamsis	13 757	13 579
Bathurst	12 924	13 815
Rothesay	11 505	11 470

The major urban areas of the province are Metropolitan Saint John (Saint John, Quispamsis, Rothesay) and Greater Moncton (Moncton, Riverview, Dieppe). Greater Fredericton (the provincial capital) has a census agglomeration population of 85,000.

The population of New Brunswick is majority English-speaking but with a substantial (35%) French-speaking minority called Acadians (from "Acadia", the former name of this region during the French colonial period).

History

The aboriginal nations of New Brunswick include the Mi'kmaq (Micmac), Maliseet and Passamaquoddy. Until the 16th century, New Brunswick was exclusively the domain of what are now termed the First Nations.

Early European settlement

The first known European exploration of present-day New Brunswick was by French explorer Jacques Cartier in 1534, who discovered and named the Baie des Chaleurs between northern New Brunswick and the Gaspe peninsula of Quebec. The next French contact was in 1604, when a party led by Pierre Dugua (Sieur de Monts) and Samuel de Champlain sailed into Passamaquoddy Bay and set up a camp for the winter on an island at the mouth of the St. Croix River. 36 out of the 87 members of the party died of scurvy by winter's end and the colony was relocated across the Bay of Fundy the following year to Port Royal in present day Nova Scotia. Gradually, other French settlements and seigneuries were founded along the Saint John River, including one by Charles de la Tour, and the upper Bay of Fundy, including a number of villages in the Memramcook and Petitcodiac river valleys and St. Pierre, (founded by Nicolas Denys) at the site of present-day Bathurst on the Baie des Chaleurs. The whole region of New Brunswick (as well as Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and parts of Maine) were at that time proclaimed to be part of the royal French colony of Acadia. The French maintained good relations with the First Nations during their tenure.

The first British claim to New Brunswick was in 1621, when Sir William Alexander was granted, by James I, all of present-day Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and part of Maine.

One of its provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, which formally ended the War of the Spanish Succession, was the surrender of peninsular Nova Scotia to the English crown. All of what would later become New Brunswick, as well as "Île St-Jean" (Prince Edward Island) and "Île Royale" (Cape Breton Island) would remain under French control.

The bulk of the Acadian population now found themselves residing in the new British colony of Nova Scotia. The remainder of Acadia including the New Brunswick region was only lightly populated, with major Acadian settlements in New Brunswick only found in the Beaubassin (Tantramar), Memramcook, and Petitcodiac regions as well as at Fort la Tour (Saint John) and Fort Anne (Fredericton).

During the Seven Years' War (1756-63), the British extended their control to include all of New Brunswick. Fort Beausejour (near Sackville) was captured by an English force commanded by Lt. Col. France ultimately lost control of its North American empire after the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec in 1759. although there were some notable exceptions such as the founding of "The Bend" (present day Moncton) in 1766 by Pennsylvania Dutch settlers sponsored by Benjamin Franklin's Philadelphia Land Company. English settlers from Yorkshire also settled in the Tantramar region near Sackville prior to the Revolutionary War.

Significant population growth would not occur until after the American Revolution, when Britain convinced refugee Loyalists from New England to settle in the area by giving them free land. Clark 150-51

The British administrators of the time, for their part, felt that the colonial capital (Halifax) was so distant from the developing territories to the west of the Isthmus of Chignecto that the colony of Nova Scotia should be split. The Province of New Brunswick was therefore officially created by Sir Thomas Carleton on August 16, 1784.

New Brunswick was named in honour of the British monarch, King George III, who was descended from the House of Brunswick (Haus Braunschweig in German, derived from the city of Braunschweig, now Lower Saxony). Fredericton, the capital city, was likewise named for George III's second son, Prince Frederick Augustus, Duke of York.

The choice of Fredericton as the colonial capitol shocked the residents of the larger Parrtown (Saint John). Forts such as the Carleton Martello Tower in Saint John and the St. Andrews Blockhouse were constructed, but no action was seen. There was even one incident during the war where the town of St. Stephen lent its supplies of gunpowder to Calais, Maine, across the river, for the Fourth of July Independence Day celebrations.

Further north along the Maine-New Brunswick border, the boundary was disputed. Officials in London and Edmundston was asked which side he supported, he replied "the Republic of Madawaska". The boundary dispute, known as the Aroostook War, was settled in 1842.

Immigration in the early part of the 19th century was mostly from the west country of England and from Scotland, but also from Waterford, Ireland often having come through or lived in Newfoundland prior. A large influx of settlers came to New Brunswick in 1845 from Ireland as a result of the Potato Famine. The Catholic population often clashed with the existing Protestant residents, coming to a head with a gun battle in Saint John in 1849.

Throughout the 19th century, shipbuilding, both on the Bay of Fundy shore and on the Miramichi, was the dominant industry in New Brunswick. Moncton, previously a sleepy agricultural community and later a shipbuilding centre became the railway hub for the colony and later for the entire Maritime Provinces. The Charlottetown Conference of 1864 was initially intended only to discuss a Maritime Union of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, but, given the American Civil War and British interest in avoiding a repeat in its remaining colonies, interest in expanding the geographic scope developed in the Province of Canada (formerly Upper and Lower Canada, later Ontario and Quebec) and the meeting's agenda was altered. The situation in New Brunswick was worsened by the Great Fire of 1877 in Saint John and by the decline of the wooden sailing shipbuilding industry. Manufacturing gained strength with the construction of several cotton mills across the province and, in the crucial forestry sector, the sawmills that had dotted inland sections of the province gave way to larger pulp and paper mills. Two influential families, the Irvings and the McCains, emerged from the depression to begin to modernize and vertically integrate the provincial economy.

The Acadians, who had mostly fended for themselves on the northern and eastern shores, were traditionally isolated from the English speakers that dominated the rest of the province. Linguistic tensions rose on both sides, with the militant Parti Acadien enjoying brief popularity in the 1970s and anglophone groups pushing to repeal language reforms in the 1980s, but tensions had all but disappeared by the 1990s.

Cities

New Brunswick has eight officially incorporated cities, listed here in descending order by population:

Saint John
Moncton
Fredericton
Miramichi
Edmundston
Dieppe
Bathurst
Campbellton

See also a List of communities in New Brunswick.

Saint John is a port city, with heavy industry in the form of pulp and paper, oil refineries, and drydocks, all owned by the family of the late K.C. Saint John is conventionally written out in full, to distinguish it from St. John's, the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador, with which it is commonly confused by those outside of the Atlantic Provinces.

Moncton is the second largest city in New Brunswick and its metropolitan area is the fastest growing urban population in the province. The majority of Moncton's recent growth is traced to economic policies which has led to depopulation in the northeastern area of the province.

Fredericton, in addition to being the capital of the province, is a genteel university town, and home to the Beaverbrook Art Gallery, Theatre New Brunswick, the New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame, and other amenities, including Christ Church Cathedral, whose foundation is the oldest in Canada or the United States. It has boasted of the largest stand of elms outside of Central Park since Dutch Elm Disease devastated this species in the early twentieth century.

Politics

New Brunswick has a unicameral legislature consisting of 55 seats. Elections are held at least every five years but may be called at any time by the Lieutenant Governor (the vice-regal representative) on consultation with the Premier of the day. As of September 18, 2006, the Liberals hold the majority with 30 out of 55 seats, making Shawn Graham the Premier-elect of New Brunswick.www.cbc.ca/canada/new-brunswick/story/2006/09/18/nb-libwinclose.html

There are two dominant political parties in New Brunswick, the Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservative Party. The former Premier Bernard Lord (Progressive Conservative) is touted as a potential leader of the Conservative Party of Canada should Prime Minister Stephen Harper withdraw from politics. Another former Liberal Premier Frank McKenna had been considered to be the front-runner to succeed Prime Minister Paul Martin but he chose in the end not to run.www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2006/01/30/mckenna-liberal060130.html

Economy

New Brunswick has a modern service based economy dominated by the finance, insurance, health care and educational sectors and this is based out of all three of the principal urban centres. The rural primary economy is best known for forestry, mining, mixed farming and fishing. The most valuable crop is potatoes, while the most valuable fish catches are lobster and scallops. Tourism is becoming increasingly important, especially in the Passamaquoddy region (dominated by the resort town of St. Andrews), and in the southeast of the province, centred by Moncton and Shediac. The largest employers are the Irving group of companies, several large multinational forest companies, the Government of New Brunswick, and the McCain group of companies. One example being the Rothesay Netherwood School near Saint John.

The New Brunswick Community College system has campuses in all regions of province. These include:

The University of New Brunswick was founded as King's College in Fredericton in 1785 with Anglican affiliation. It is the oldest public post-secondary education institution in North America.
St. Thomas University was founded in Chatham in 1910 with Catholic affiliation. The university's liberal arts program is complemented by professional programs in education and social work.
Mount Allison University was founded in Sackville in 1839 with Methodist and subsequently United Church affiliation. Mount Allison produces a Rhodes Scholar about once every two years on the average, and was the first university in the British Empire to grant a Bachelor's degree to a woman.

The Université de Moncton system was founded in 1963 and is comprised from founding Catholic colleges which were located in Memramcook, Bathurst and Edmundston. Today it is a medium-sized public French comprehensive university with its principal campus in Moncton and satellite campuses in Edmundston and Shippagan. These are:

Atlantic Baptist University, located in Moncton, is a small liberal arts university with a student body of over 700. The school is operated by the Convention of Atlantic Baptist Churches.
St. Stephen's University, located in St. Stephen, is a very small non denominational religious based university. cheese and fries are good in canada but not in italy.

People

First Nations in New Brunswick include the Mi'kmaq and Maliseet. The first European settlers, the Acadians, are today survivors of the Great Expulsion (1755) which drove several thousand French residents into exile in North America, the UK and France for refusing to take an oath of allegiance to George III of Great Britain during the French and Indian War. American Acadians, who wound up in Louisiana and other parts of the American South, are often referred to as Cajuns.

Many of the English-Canadian population of New Brunswick are descended from United Empire Loyalists who fled the American Revolution. There is also a significant population of Irish ancestry, especially in Saint John and the Miramichi Valley. A small population of Danish origin may be found in New Denmark in the northwest of the province. The provincial French-language daily is L'Acadie Nouvelle, based in Caraquet. the University of New Brunswick's The Brunswickan.

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation has various news bureaus throughout the province, but its main anglophone television and radio operations are centred in Fredericton.

Demographics

Population of New Brunswick since 1851

Year	Population	Five Year % change	Ten Year % change	Rank Among Provinces
1851	193,800	n/a	n/a	4
1861	252,047	n/a	30.0	4
1871	285,594	n/a	13.3	4
1881	321,233	n/a	12.5	4
1891	321,263	n/a	0.0	4
1901	331,120	n/a	3.1	4
1911	351,889	n/a	6.3	8
1921	387,876	n/a	10.2	8
1931	408,219	n/a	5.2	8
1941	457,401	n/a	12.0	8
1951	515,697	n/a	12.7	8
1956	554,616	7.5	n/a	8
1961	597,936	7.8	15.9	8
1966	616,788	3.2	11.2	8
1971	634,560	2.9	6.9	8
1976	677,250	6.7	9.8	8
1981	696,403	2.8	9.7	8
1986	709,445	1.9	4.8	8
1991	723,900	2.0	3.9	8
1996	738,133	2.0	4.0	8
2001	729,498	-1.2	0.8	8

Source: Statistics Canada www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo62e.htm

Ethnic origin

Ethnic Origin	Population	Percent
Canadian	415,810	57.77%
French	193,470	26.88%
English	165,235	22.96%
Irish	135,835	18.87%
Scottish	127,635	17.73%
German	27,490	3.82%
Acadian	26,220	3.64%
North American Indian	23,815	3.31%
Dutch (Netherlands)	13,355	1.86%
Welsh	7,620	1.06%
Italian	5,610	0.78%

The information at left is from the 2001 Canadian Census.
The percentages add to more than 100% because of dual responses (e.g.

Religion

53.4% Roman Catholic
35.7% Protestant
1.4% other Christian
0.8% other religions
8.7% no religion

The Catholic Church is the largest denomination because of the large French and Irish populations. The three largest Protestant denominations in New Brunswick are: United Church of Canada and the Baptist and Anglican churches.

Facts

The provincial flower is the purple violet. The provincial bird is the black-capped chickadee, in common with the American state of Maine.
New Brunswick is in the Atlantic Standard Time zone.
Entered Confederation: July 1, 1867
Urban population: 48.8%
The only officially bilingual province in Canada
GDP per capita: $20 833
Area: 28,150 square miles
Agriculture: Dairy farming, Potatoes, oats, hay, clover, berries, and fruit
Industries
- Mining:
  - zinc
  - lead
  - silver
  - cadmium
  - copper
  - bismuth
  - coal
  - gold
  - potash
  - gypsum
- Energy:
  - natural gas
  - oil refining
  - nuclear
  - fossil fuel
  - hydro-electricity
- Forestry:
  - pulp and paper
  - lumber;
- Manufacturing:
  - frozen food (agriculture and seafood)
  - metallurgy
- Services:
  - information technology
  - health services
  - education
  - financial services
Land Features - Mount Carleton - Highest point (2,680 ft.); Appalachian Mountains.
Water Features - Bay of Fundy, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Northumberland Strait, Chaleur Bay, St. John River, Southwest Miamachi River, Restigouche River

Map

References

L. Willmott, The Mineral Wealth of Canada, (London, 1898)

Chronology

Key Dates:
1946: New Brunswick Tool & Die is formed.
1951: Attendance at microbiology assembly introduces company's products to scientists around the country.
1953: Company's first fermenters are introduced.
1958: Name is changed to New Brunswick Scientific.
1972: Company completes its initial public offering of stock.
1995: Subsidiary DGI BioTechnologies is formed.
2001: Major share of DGI is sold.

Additional topics

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