P.O. Box 11010
Reno, Nevada 89520
U.S.A.
History of Nevada Bell Telephone Company
Nevada Bell was one of the telephone companies that changed forever due to the AT&T divestiture in 1984. When the Bell System divested its long-distance service from all local operations on January 1 of that year, Nevada Bell Telephone Company immediately came under new ownership. The Pacific Telesis Group, Nevada Bell's new parent company, had just been formed as one of the regional firms after the divestiture. Pacific Telesis helped Nevada weather the dramatic changes necessitated by the breakup, including numerous service changes for the company's customers. Over the years, Pacific Telesis has helped modernize Nevada Bell operations, and added many new products to an ever-growing list of services for customers, including such items as Teen Line, Voice Mail, and Custom Calling 2000.
Nevada Bell traces its history to the Sunset Telephone and Telegraph Company and the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the telephone industry came to the western part of the United States. Numerous companies were formed throughout the region, including the state of Nevada, and the telephone soon became one of the integral parts of life in the West. Yet many of the early telephone companies were plagued by instability, and new companies were either going bankrupt, changing ownership, or buying more and more telephone exchanges.
One such company, the Sunset Telephone and Telegraph Company, started its early existence in Nevada with great promise by rapidly expanding its operations. Suddenly, without much notice, the company began to divest itself of all its holdings. As a result, all of its stock was purchased by the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company in 1906. Soon after the purchase, Pacific Telephone sold the Carson City, Nevada, telephone exchange, one of the largest in the state at that time, to Nevada Consolidated Telephone and Telegraph Company. Pacific Telephone ran its operations primarily in the extreme western part of Nevada and did not significantly expand any of its network for years. In January 1913, however, the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company transferred the entirety of its operations in the state to Bell Telephone of Nevada, which was specifically incorporated to act as a holding company while the first transcontinental telephone wire was constructed in 1914.
The purchase of Pacific Telephone by Nevada Bell, as it was coming to be known, included the transfer of 695 miles of telephone wire throughout the state, in addition to numerous telephone plants and exchanges comprised of switchboards, wires, and poles. All together, the new company had acquired over 3,000 stations. But the event with the most impact on Nevada Bell was the construction of the Nevada portion of the transcontinental telephone line. The line was to connect the East and West coasts of the United States, and was one of the largest telephone construction projects ever undertaken within the United States. During one of the most stormy periods in Nevada's history, the construction of nearly 400 miles of telephone wire over mountains and deserts was completed on June 17, 1914. But it wasn't until January 1915 that the transcontinental telephone line was officially opened to provide service across the United States.
Although the construction of the transcontinental telephone wire brought a great deal of prestige to Nevada Bell, the company didn't build upon its success for another four years. However, in 1919, company management decided to initiate an expansion program, and started building telephone lines that crisscrossed the state. Nevada Bell also began to acquire telephone exchanges in the northern section of Nevada. In 1920, the company acquired the Utah, Nevada, and Idaho Telephone Company assets for approximately $64,000, and also brought the Carson City exchange of 437 telephones, which had previously been sold by the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company.
During the early and mid-1920s, there was a significant drop in Nevada Bell's activities. Neither new construction of telephone lines nor any additional acquisitions were made until 1929. In that year, the company constructed the Los Angeles-Salt Lake City telephone line from the California border to the state of Utah. Desert heat, snakes, a lack of water, and desolate countryside made the project one of the most difficult construction jobs ever contracted by Nevada Bell. However, this new line provided Las Vegas, and other parts of southern Nevada, with long-distance telephone service, a service that the northern part of the state had had for 30 years.
During 1930, Nevada Bell engaged in a flurry of activity, expanding and improving upon its services. Dial telephones began to replace the older exchange methods used since the turn of the century, and changing from common battery switchboards to dial switchboards cost the company's Reno office $565,000. At the same time, Nevada Bell purchased the entire operating system of White Pine Telephone Company, which owned an exchange telephone plant and connecting toll lines. The company also constructed a 119-mile telephone line from Wendover to Ely, Nevada. Yet with the deepening of the Great Depression, plans for additional expansion and improvement of services came to an abrupt halt. For the entirety of the 1930s, Nevada Bell neither acquired new holdings nor constructed new telephone lines. In fact, with the economic situation getting worsening, the company concentrated on maintaining its existing services.
With the advent of World War II, Nevada Bell resumed its expansion activities. In 1942, the company laid two cables across the state as the Nevada portion of a new transcontinental telephone line. More importantly, however, during the same year the Defense Board Ruling Number One, issued by the U.S. Department of Defense, contracted Nevada Bell to construct the DBR line in western Nevada. Built for defense purposes to guard against a possible Japanese invasion on the American West Coast, the line provided common carrier communication service among the major cities in California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Many of the places that the DBR ran through did not previously have any telephone service at all. Nevada Bell, therefore, was able to use the line to service many new areas in western Nevada.
After the war, Nevada Bell grew rapidly. In 1946, the company completed the first VHF (very high frequency) radio link between Death Valley Junction and the Spectre Mountain repeater station. By 1952, as part of AT&T's nationwide network, 13 microwave stations were built by Nevada Bell to provide communication services for a variety of cross country communications. In 1955, Nevada Bell assumed all the communications engineering projects for the Atomic Energy Commission located at the Mercury, Nevada, test site. Although the state of Nevada was slow in arranging for customers to receive television transmissions, when TV finally did come to the region, Nevada Bell constructed a SHF (super high frequency) radio link to provide television service to its customers. During the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s, Nevada Bell helped convert 15 communities to dial telephone service. In addition, new offices with modernized switchboards were built in Reno, Carson City, and Virginia City, Nevada. During approximately the same time, the company constructed a communications building for the U.S. military at Stead Air Force Base, and also provided the entire communications supplies used by NASA at the Nevada sites, which tracked the X15 rocket ship.
Nevada Bell entered the 1960s full of confidence and ready to take advantage of the growing market for communication services. For the first six years of the decade, Nevada Bell spent over $13 million to modernize and expand its services. In 1960, the company introduced direct distance dialing for its Reno customers, allowing them to direct dial all their calls across the United States, and then the company gradually introduced the service to other areas over the next few years. In the early 1960s, the company completed and began operation of numerous microwave sites, as well as VHF and SHF stations in Nevada. By 1962, over 1,100 people were employed by Nevada Bell, and the company reported over 68,000 telephones in service throughout the state. In 1964, more than 4,500 main stations were added to Nevada Bell's growing communications network, along with the addition of major exchanges in Pahrump and Lathrop Wells.
Starting with 1966, however, Nevada Bell suffered from the economic recession that affected the entire southwestern part of the country. Stead Air Force Base was deactivated, resulting in a decrease of nearly 2,000 main telephones from the previous year. In spite of this economic downturn, Nevada Bell forged ahead with service improvements. New equipment for Touch-Tone phones, direct distance dialing, and extended regional service was provided for the Carson City exchange. The company also received authorization to make its first acquisition of an independent telephone company in 40 years. The Nevada State Service Commission authorized the company's purchase of Lund-Preston Telephone Company, which served a number of agricultural communities for years in the White River Valley. This acquisition allowed Nevada Bell to initiate service for the population of an isolated ranching community. The company also constructed microwave stations between Las Vegas and Reno, the two largest cities in Nevada, so that long distance calls would not have to be rerouted through California. In 1968, Nevada Bell placed its one thousandth telephone in service and adopted the new Bell Telephone System color scheme of ochre and blue.
Nevada Bell's expansion and growth continued during the 1970s. In 1971, the company completed a project to offer toll station service to approximately 60 outlying ranches, and, one year later, the company installed a Number 2A Electronic Switching System in Sun Valley, Arizona. In 1973, a 4A switching center that provided direct long distance lines from Reno to major locations throughout the United States was completed, and in 1975, the company implemented a Traffic Service Position System (TSPS), which enabled customers who lived in isolated areas to direct dial all long distance calls they made. Within the old system, the operator was invaluable, but with TSPS more calls were handled with fewer operators, thereby lowering costs and retaining the same level of efficient service.
During the mid-1970s, the company initiated one of the most sweeping and thorough reorganization strategies of any telephone company in the United States. Nevada Bell eliminated the traffic, commercial, and plant department headings and replaced them with departments of administration, accounting, customer operations, network engineering, and network operations. Modernized electronic switching offices were opened in Stead and Reno, while the company opened its first phone center store in Carson City in 1979, and a second store in Reno near the end of the year. Large businesses and the development of casinos in the Reno area resulted in a growth from eight to 13 percent in main station facilities during this period. In addition, Nevada Bell's budget for new construction more than doubled during the last two years of the decade.
In the early 1980s, Nevada Bell provided many new services for its customers, including a change from directory assistance to number services, transferring all of the company's directory listings into a computer data base. This new process eliminated an operator's need to page through a paper directory in order to find a listing. With a keyboard and video display terminal, an operator could thus find a listing in about half as much time. In addition, the company introduced the Number 4 Electronic Switching System, which could process 150 phone calls per second.
The most important event during the 1980s, however, was the breakup of the Bell Telephone System, when AT&T was required by the U.S. court system to divest all of its local operations from all of its long-distance carrier services. A 70-year affiliation ended with the AT&T breakup on January 1, 1984, and Nevada Bell became a subsidiary of Pacific Telesis Group, a new regional company. As a result of the breakup, the service Nevada Bell provided for its customers was divided into two geographic locations, a northern and southern service area. Any phone calls made between those areas had to be arranged through a long-distance carrier such as Sprint, AT&T, or MCI. In fulfilling the U.S. court order which signaled the end of the Bell System, Nevada Bell began to offer other long distance carriers, such as MCI, access to local networks. Before the court order, customers in Nevada were required to dial as many as 12 extra digits to use long-distance carriers that were not AT&T. After the court order, however, customers could place calls using other long-distance carriers without having to dial any more numbers than when AT&T was used to make the call.
The late 1980s and early 1990s were years of significant change for Nevada Bell. The company initiated a comprehensive modernization plan in order to convert every access line into digitally-switched processes. Products like Teen Line, Custom Calling 2000, and Voice Mail were introduced by Nevada Bell to attract new customers. The company constructed a fiber optic ring surrounding Reno, and began to develop fiber optic technology for communications projects. Moreover, Nevada Bell has also upgraded and improved telephone services for rural communities, some of which remained very isolated in the wastelands of the state.
Like most of the other local telephone companies, Nevada Bell has successfully met the challenges posed by the breakup of the AT&T system in 1984. With its new research and development of fiber optic technology, Nevada Bell is working on the cutting edge of the telecommunications industry to provide its customers with high-quality service.
Related information about Nevada
pop (2000e) 1 998 300; area
286 341 km²/110 561 sq mi. State in W USA,
divided into 16 counties; the ‘Sage Brush State’, ‘Battle Born
State’, or ‘Silver State’; part ceded by Mexico to the USA in the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848; included in Mormon-ruled Utah
Territory, 1850; settlement expanded after the Comstock Lode silver
strike, 1859; a separate territory, 1861; joined the Union as the
36th state, 1864; capital, Carson City; other chief cities, Las
Vegas and Reno; rivers include the Colorado (part of the Arizona
border) and Humboldt; L Pyramid and L Winnemucca in the W; L Tahoe
on the Californian border; highest point, Boundary Peak
(4006 m/13 143 ft); mainly within the Great Basin, a
large arid desert interspersed with barren mountain ranges; an area
of internal drainage, with most of the rivers petering out in the
desert or ending in alkali sinks; in the rain shadow of the Sierra
Nevada Mts of California; the driest of all the states; mostly
unpopulated and uncultivated, with a few oases of irrigation;
Hoover Dam creates L Mead; federal government owns 85% of Nevada's
land; mining (mercury, barite, silver, and several other minerals);
a major gold supplier; oil discovered 1954; agriculture not highly
developed; cattle, sheep, dairy products, hay, alfalfa; food
processing, clay and glass products, chemicals, copper smelting,
electrical machinery, high technology industries, lumber; tourism,
notably the shores of L Tahoe, Death Valley National Monument
(partly in Nevada), and the gambling resorts of Las Vegas and Reno
(which attract around 20 million visitors each year; gaming taxes a
primary source of state revenue); liberal divorce laws an
attraction to many from outside the state; very rapid population
growth (50% increase between 1980 and 1990).
For other places, see Nevada
(disambiguation).
Nevada is a state located in the western United States, best known
for its widespread legalization of gambling and gaming industry. "Home Means Nevada" by
Bertha Rafetto is
the state song. "The Battle Born State" is the official state
slogan, as Nevada was admitted into the union during the American Civil
War.
Although the name is derived from the Spanish word nevada
meaning "snowy", the local pronunciation of the state's name is not
, but . In 2005, the state issued a new series of license plates
that list the name of the state as Nev?da to help with the
pronunciation problem.
Geography
Nevada has borders with Oregon and Idaho to the north; The border with Arizona includes the
Colorado
River and Hoover
Dam.
The state is broken up by several north-south mountain ranges.
Pacific storms may
blanket the area with snow.
The Humboldt
River crosses from east to west across the northern part of the
state, draining into the Humboldt Sink near Lovelock. Several rivers drain from the Sierra Nevada eastward,
including the Walker, Truckee and Carson rivers.
Nevada and California
have by far the longest diagonal line as a state boundary at just over 400 miles.
class=ilnk>Washington, D.C., with the longer exceptions not
being at such a steep angle.) All other state boundaries, but one,
are lines of latitude,
longitude, or are
irregular and based on rivers, mountains, lakes, etc. (A circular border exists between Delaware and Pennsylvania.) This line
begins in Lake Tahoe
nearly four miles offshore (in the direction of the boundary), and
continues to the Colorado River where the Nevada, California, and Arizona
boundaries merge 12 miles southwest of the Laughlin (Nevada)
Bridge.
The largest mountain range in the southern state is the Spring Mountains, just
west of Las Vegas. The state's lowest point is along the Colorado
River, south of Laughlin.
Some have suggested that Nevada annex the town of Wendover, Utah, which
would be merged with West Wendover, Nevada. This deal will require the
permission of both the Nevada and Utah legislatures and the U.S.
Congress.
Areas maintained by the National Park Service include:
- California National Historic Trail
- Death Valley National Park
- Great Basin National Park near Baker
- Lake Mead National Recreation Area
- Old Spanish National Historic Trail
- Pony Express National Historic Trail
History
Derived from the Father Kino expeditions at the end of the
17th century through north Mexico and south U.S., Nevada passed to Spanish
control, belonging to the Viceroyalty of New Spain. In 1821 became part of the First Mexican
Empire of Agustin de Iturbide, until 1823, and afterwards of Mexico. As a result of the Mexican-American
War of 1846-48 and based on the Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty, Nevada became part of the
United States. On August
14, 1850, the U.S.
Congress established the Utah territory which included the present day
states of Utah, Idaho and Nevada. The year
1859 saw the discovery of
the Comstock Lode,
a rich outcropping of gold and silver, and Virginia City
sprang up.
On March 2, 1861, the Nevada Territory
separated from the Utah territory and adopted its current name,
shortened from Sierra Nevada (Spanish for "snowy
range"). On October
31, 1864, just eight
days prior to the presidential election, Nevada became the 36th state in
the union. Statehood was rushed through despite Nevada's tiny
population to help ensure Abraham Lincoln's reelection and post-Civil War Republican dominance in congress citation needed. As
Nevada's mining-based economy tied it to the more industrialized
Union, it was viewed as politically reliable (as opposed
to the more agrarian
and Confederate-sympathizing California).
Nevada achieved its current boundaries on May 5, 1866 when it absorbed the portion of Pah-Ute County
in the Arizona
Territory west of the Colorado River. In the late 19th century, the Comstock Lode played out,
and Nevada went into a tailspin. This was soon followed by strikes
in Goldfield and
Rhyolite in
the following years. Instead, early settlers would homestead land
surrounding a water source, and then graze livestock on the adjacent
public land, which is useless for agriculture without access to water (this pattern
of ranching still
prevails). The deficiencies in the Homestead Act as applied to Nevada were probably
due to a lack of understanding of the Nevada environment, although
some firebrands (so-called "Sagebrush Rebels") maintain that it was
due to pressure from mining interests to keep land out of the hands
of common folk.
Gambling was common in
the early Nevada mining towns but was outlawed in 1909 as part of a nation-wide
anti-gaming crusade. Due to a sharp decline in mining output in the
1920s and the decline of
the agricultural sector during the Great Depression,
Nevada re-legalized gambling on March 19, 1931,
when senate bill 98 was signed into law. Over the next 75 years,
Clark County grew in relation to the Reno area, until today it
encompasses most of the state's population.
The Nevada Test
Site, 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the City of Las Vegas, was
founded on January
11, 1951 for the
testing of nuclear
weapons. Nuclear
testing at the Nevada Test Site began with a one-kiloton of TNT
(4 joule|terajoule]) bomb dropped on Frenchman Flats on January 27, 1951. The last
atmospheric test was conducted on July 17, 1962
and the underground testing of weapons continued until September
23, 1992. Immigration from
outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 66,098
people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of
270,945 people.
The five largest ancestry groups in Nevada are: German (14.1%),
Mexican
(12.7%), Irish
(11%), English (10.1%), Italian (6.6%),
American
(4.8%).
In Clark and Pershing Counties, a plurality of residents are of Mexican
ancestry;
As of January 1, 2006 there were an estimated 500,000 head of
cattle and 70,000 head of sheep in Nevada.United States
Department of Agriculture Nevada State
Agriculture Overview - 2005 Most of these animals forage
on rangeland in
the summer, with supplemental feed in the winter. Over 90% of
Nevada's 484,000 acres of cropland is used to grow hay, mostly alfalfa, for
livestock feed.
Nevada is also one of only a few states with no personal income tax. It
has spur routes I-215 and I-515. Nevada also is served by several
federal highways: US-6, US-50, US-93, US-95 and US-395. Nevada is one of a few states in the U.S.
that does not have a continuous Interstate
highway linking its major poulation cores: Reno, Carson City, and
Las Vegas.
The state is one of just a few in the country that allow
semi-trailer trucks with three trailers—what might
be called a "road
train" in Australia. However, American versions are usually
smaller, in part because they must ascend and descend some
fairly steep mountain passes.
Union
Pacific Railroad has some railroads in the north and in
the south (map). Amtrak's California
Zephyr uses one of the northern branches in a daily
service from Chicago, Illinois to Emeryville,
California serving Elko, Winnemucca, Sparks, and
Reno.
www.amtrak.com/timetable/oct04/P05.pdf BNSF Railway has
trackage
rights to the Union Pacific lines in the north.
Amtrak provides bus services from Las Vegas to Needles,
California and Los Angeles (www.amtrak.com/timetable/oct04/P03.pdf). Greyhound Lines
also provides some bus services.
Las Vegas has a bus network and a monorail system
that is being extended.
Law and governmentNevada's governor is Kenny Guinn (Republican). Nevada's two U.S. senators
are Harry Reid
(Democrat) and John Ensign (Republican).
LegislatureNevada has a bicameral legislature,
divided into a Senate and an Assembly. It has a state supreme
court, the Supreme Court of Nevada, which hears all
appeals. after easy divorce came easy marriage and casino gambling. Friedman, American Law in the
Twentieth Century (New Haven: Yale University Press,
2002), 596-597.
Besides prostitution laws (See Prostitution in
Nevada), a number of laws in Nevada, to this day, are
noticeably more liberal (or libertarian) than in most other
states:
Divorce laws. Nevada's early reputation as a
"divorce haven" arose from the fact that prior to the
no-fault
divorce revolution in the 1970s, divorces were quite
difficult to obtain in the United States. North Carolina, ,
in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that North Carolina had
to give "full faith and credit" to a Nevada divorce.
An adult may have "ordinary sexual
intercourse, anal intercourse, cunnilingus or fellatio" with another person that is 16
years old or older (NRS 200.364); Nevada has no personal income
tax or corporate income tax. www.sos.state.nv.us/comm_rec/whyinc.htm.
Incorporation laws. Nevada also provides friendly
environment for the formation of corporations, and
many (especially California) businesspeople have incorporated
their businesses in Nevada to take advantage of the benefits
of the Nevada statute. Nevada Corporations offer great flexibility
to the Board of Directors and simplify or avoid many of
the rules that are cumbersome to business managers in some
other states. In addition, Nevada has no franchise
tax.
Financial institutions. Similarly, many U.S. states
have usury laws
limiting the amount of interest a lender can charge, but Federal law
allows corporations to 'import' these laws from their home
state. Nevada (amongst others) has relatively lax interest
laws, in effect allowing banks to charge as much as they
want, hence the preponderance of credit card companies
in the state.fact
PoliticsDue to the tremendous growth of Las Vegas in
recent years, there is a noticeable divide between politics
of northern and southern Nevada. Democrat Bill Clinton won the
state in the 1992 and 1996
presidential elections and Republican George Bush won
Nevada in 2000 and 2004. Las Vegas' Clark County, which contains the
vast majority of the state's population, was the only county
to vote Democratic, however results show that all but five of
Nevada's counties, including Clark and
Washoe counties, the two largest in the state, are
trending Democratic. miles
|
Population
Density
per sq mi
|
Largest city
|
1 |
Clark |
1,715,337 |
7,910 |
174 |
Las
Vegas
|
2 |
Washoe |
383,453 |
6,342 |
54 |
Reno
|
3 |
Carson City |
56,146 |
155.7 |
366 |
Carson
City
|
4 |
Douglas |
47,803 |
710 |
58 |
Gardnerville Ranchos
|
5 |
Elko |
46,499 |
17,179 |
3 |
Elko
|
6 |
Lyon |
44,646 |
1,994 |
17 |
Fernley
|
7 |
Nye |
38,181 |
18,147 |
2 |
Pahrump
|
8 |
Churchill |
26,106 |
4,929 |
5 |
Fallon
|
9 |
Humboldt |
17,129 |
9,648 |
2 |
Winnemucca
|
10 |
White Pine |
8,966 |
8,876 |
1 |
Ely
|
Note: table was compiled using Nevada State estimates
from 2004 for population and
Census
2000 for area and density
10 richest places in Nevada
Ranked by per
capita income
- Incline Village-Crystal Bay, Nevada
$52,521
- Kingsbury,
Nevada $41,451
- Mount Charleston, Nevada $38,821
- Verdi-Mogul, Nevada $38,233
- Zephyr Cove-Round Hill Village, Nevada
$37,218
- Summerlin South, Nevada $33,017
- Blue
Diamond, Nevada $30,479
- Minden,
Nevada $30,405
- Boulder
City, Nevada $29,770
- Spanish Springs, Nevada $26,908
Education
Colleges and universities
- Sierra
Nevada College
-
Nevada System of Higher Education
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas
(UNLV)
- University of Nevada, Reno (UNR)
- Nevada State College at Henderson
- Community College of Southern Nevada
(CCSN)
- Great
Basin College
- Truckee Meadows Community College
- Western Nevada Community College
- Touro
University Nevada
Professional sports teams
- Las Vegas
Gladiators, Arena Football League
- Las Vegas
51s, minor league baseball
- Las Vegas
Wranglers, East Coast Hockey League
- Reno Silver
Sox, Golden Baseball League
Miscellaneous topics
Nevada's nickname is "The Silver State" or "The Sagebrush
State", and the state's motto is "All for Our Country". "Home Means Nevada" by
Bertha Rafetto is
the state song. "The Battle Born State" is the official state
slogan, as Nevada was admitted into the union during the American Civil
War.
Although the name is derived from the Spanish word nevada
meaning "snowy", the local pronunciation of the state's name is not
, but .
Several United
States Navy ships have been named USS Nevada in honor of the state.
Nevada is the only state with legalized prostitution.
Nevada is home to Nellis Air Force Base, a major testing and training base
of the United States Air Force. Area 51 is supposedly located
in Groom Lake.
The paranormal radio talk show host Art Bell formerly lived in Pahrump, Nevada.
In Finnish
language there is a very well known concept "Huitsin Nevada",
which refers to some far away place in spoken language (in a same
way as a saying "from here to Timbuktoo").
State symbols
- State animal:
Desert
Bighorn Sheep
- State artifact: Tule Duck Decoy
- State
bird: Mountain Bluebird
- State colors: Silver and Blue
- State fish:
Lahontan
cutthroat trout
- State flower:
Sagebrush
- State fossil:
Ichthyosaur
- State grass:
Indian
ricegrass
- State march: "Silver State Fanfare" by Gerald
Willis
- State metal: Silver
(Ag)
- State motto: "All for our country"
- State
precious gemstone: Virgin Valley black fire opal
- State semiprecious gemstone: Nevada turquoise
- State song:
"Home Means
Nevada" by Bertha Raffetto
- State
reptile: Desert Tortoise
- State rock:
Sandstone
- State soil:
Orovada
series
- State tartan: A particular tartan designed for Nevada by Richard Zygmunt
Pawlowski
- State trees:
Single-leaf Piñon and Bristlecone pine
A fictional history (with a great deal of fact) titled
Nevada
was written by Clint McCullough.
See also
- Black Rock
Desert
- Burning
Man
- List
of cities in Nevada
- List of Governors of Nevada
- List of law enforcement agencies in
Nevada
- List of mountain ranges of Nevada
- List
of Nevada counties
- List of
Nevada rivers
- List of Nevada state prisons
- List of people from Nevada
- List of radio stations in Nevada
- List of television stations in Nevada
- List of United States Senators from
Nevada
- List of ZIP Codes in Nevada
- Scouting in
Nevada
References
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